(영문) 서울고등법원 2019.12.18.선고 2018누73067 판결

The judgment of the first instance is revoked. The defendant's independence from March 1, 2018, which was made on February 20, 2018 to the plaintiff on February 20, 2018.

Revocation of the rejection disposition of a person who has rendered a reward (the plaintiff's revocation of the rejection disposition of "application for reward" in the purport of the claim)

Although it is stated as such, it is possible to do so).

Reasons

1. Basic facts

A. On October 30, 2017, the Plaintiff filed an application with the Defendant to recommend the deceased as a person eligible for the reward of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence in March 1, 2050 on the grounds that the deceased participated in the March 1st Movement as a student of the Gsung General High School and was arrested and detained, and was convicted of the death on September 30, 1950.

B. The defendant is the head of the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs established under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister to take charge of the affairs pertaining to the veterans' compensation and protection of persons who have rendered distinguished services to the State and their bereaved families, and the enhancement of veterans' honor (Article 22-2 of the Government Organization Act). The defendant reviewed the deceased's meritorious services to the persons of distinguished services to the State on December 13, 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the "Public Service Review Committee") on the ground that the deceased works as the National Railroad clerk who is the direct agency of the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans since he participated in the March 1st Movement, 2017 and notified the deceased of the results of the public service of this case (hereinafter referred to as the "Public Service Review Committee") on the ground that the deceased was abnormal in his active service. On February 20, 2018, the defendant notified the plaintiff of the results of the public service of this case on March 1, 2018.

[Grounds for Recognition] Unsatisfy, Gap evidence Nos. 12, 13, 14, Eul evidence Nos. 1 through 4, the purport of the whole pleadings

2. Judgment on the main defense of this case

A. The defendant's assertion

The Defendant’s main defense is as follows. The public examination conducted by the Defendant to recommend the persons of distinguished services to the national independence to the Ministry of the Interior and Safety is only one of the series of procedures to determine whether to grant the presidential honor, and does not affect the Plaintiff’s rights and obligations or legal status. Therefore, the instant notice merely constitutes an administrative disposition subject to an appeal litigation, because it is merely a mere notification of the fact informing the results of the public examination.

In addition, the Plaintiff, a bereaved family member, cannot be the other party to the decoration and is merely in a position to receive or keep orders, etc. as a fact-finding act, so there is no standing to sue against the Plaintiff as there is no right to demand the decoration. Therefore, the instant lawsuit is unlawful.

B. Relevant statutes

As shown in the attached Form.

C. Determination

1) The legislative purport of the Act on the Honorable Treatment of Persons of Distinguished Service to Independence and the legislative purport of the Act

Article 34(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea declares that "the Republic of Korea is built on the basis of the contribution and sacrifice of the persons who have rendered distinguished services to the State" by the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea established on March and 1 movement, and declares that "the Republic of Korea is achieved on the basis of the contribution and sacrifice of the persons who have rendered distinguished services to the State," and further, "the persons who have rendered distinguished services to the State, including the persons of distinguished services to the State, shall have the right to live worthy of human dignity" in Article 34(2) of the Constitution, and "the persons who have rendered distinguished services to the State, shall have the duty to promote social security and social welfare." Article 32(6) of the Constitution provides that "the persons of distinguished services to the State, who have rendered distinguished services to the State, and bereaved families of soldiers and policemen who have rendered distinguished services to the State, shall be given the opportunity to work on the basis of Acts." Accordingly, the Constitution stipulates that "the persons of distinguished services to the State, including the persons of distinguished services to the State, shall be declared on 20.

Accordingly, the Act on the Honorable Treatment of Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence and their bereaved family members by providing proper honorable treatment to the national independence in order to promote the stabilization of living and welfare of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence and their bereaved family members, and further to enhance the national spirit by encouraging patriotism (Article 1). Since the Republic of Korea, which succeeded to the provisional government of the Republic of Korea, was built based on the sacrifice and contribution of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence, the said sacrifice and contribution should be constantly respected as the model of the noble spirit of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence, and substantial compensation should be granted to ensure that the honorable lives of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence and their bereaved family members are maintained and guaranteed in accordance with the degree of their sacrifice and contribution. (Article 2) The State, local governments, etc. provide for the basic policy of Article 2 (3) of the Act on the Honorable Treatment of Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence by encouraging patriotism, succeeding to and enhancing the national spirit by encouraging the patriotism of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence.

B) The Act on the Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence stipulates that the persons of distinguished services to the national independence or their bereaved families shall be given honorable treatment under the Act on the Honorable Treatment of the Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence (Article 4), and the persons who opposed to the seizure of national rights before and after the seizure of national rights by Japaneseism, or who were given distinguished services to the national independence by an independent movement (Article 4 subparagraph 1) and were given distinguished services to the national independence by an application for registration under the Act on the Honorable Treatment of the National Foundation or by the Presidential Decree (Article 6) before and after the seizure of national rights until August 14, 1945, the persons of distinguished services to the national independence who were given distinguished services to the national independence shall be determined by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, such as the Order of Distinguished Services to the national independence, the Presidential Decree, or their bereaved families who were given distinguished services to the national independence under the Act on the Honorable Treatment of the national independence.

Therefore, a person who wishes to acquire the right to receive compensation as a person of distinguished services to the national independence who is subject to the Act on the Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence shall meet the requirements for the persons of distinguished services to the national independence, and as seen above, the persons of distinguished services to the national independence shall be the persons of distinguished services to the national independence and the persons of distinguished services to the national independence shall be the persons who have opposed to the seizure of national rights by Japanese colonial system, or who have joined a Japanese system for the independence movement and received the Order of Merit, the National Foundation Medal, or the presidential commendation due to his meritorious services. Therefore, in order to become the persons of distinguished services to the

다 ) 서훈 확정 절차 ( 1 ) 일반적 절차 ( 가 ) 영전 수여에 관하여 헌법 제80조는 " 대통령은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 훈장 기타의 영전을 수여한다. " 라고 규정하고 있고, 이에 따라 상훈법은 대한민국 국민이나 외국인으로서 대한민국에 공로가 뚜렷한 자에 대한 서훈에 관한 사항을 규정함을 목적으로 하면서 ( 제1조 ) " 대한민국 훈장 및 포장은 대한민국 국민이나 우방국 국민으로서 대한민국에 뚜렷한 공적을 세운 사람에게 수여한다. " 라는 것을 서훈의 원칙으로 하며 ( 제2조 ), 서훈의 기준은 서훈 대상자의 공적 내용, 그 공적이 국가와 사회에 미친 효과의 정도 및 지위, 그 밖의 사항을 고려하여 결정하고 ( 제3조 ), 서훈 대상자는 국무회의의 심의를 거쳐 대통령이 결정한다고 규정하면서 ( 제7조 ) 훈장의 한 종류로 건국훈장 ( 대한민국의 건국에 공로가 뚜렷하거나, 국가의 기초를 공고히 하는 데에 이바지한 공적이 뚜렷한 사람에게 수여한다, 제9조 제2호, 제11조 ) 을, 포장의 한 종류로 건국 포장 ( 대한민국의 건국과 국가의 기초를 공고히 하는 데에 헌신 · 진력하여 그 공적이 뚜렷한 사람에게 수여한다, 제19조 제1호, 제20조 ) 을 들고 있다 . ( 나 ) 서훈 결정은 최종적으로 대통령의 권한이나, 상훈법 제5조에서는 서훈의 추천은 중앙행정기관의 장 ( 대통령 직속기관 및 국무총리 직속기관의 장을 포함한다 ), 국회사무총장, 법원행정처장, 헌법재판소사무처장 및 중앙선거관리위원회사무총장 이 한다고 규정하고 있고 ( 제1항 ), 서훈의 추천은 대통령령으로 정하는 바에 따라 공적 심사를 거쳐야 한다고 규정하고 있다 ( 제3항 ). 그 위임에 따른 상훈법 시행령에서는 서훈 추천 대상자의 공적 및 서훈 추천의 적정성 등을 심사하기 위하여 상훈법에 따른 서훈의 추천권한이 있는 자 등 소속으로 공적심사위원회를 둔다고 규정하면서 ( 제2조 제1항 ), 서훈의 추천권자가 서훈을 추천할 때에는 공적심사위원회의 심사를 거쳐 서훈 예정일 30일 전까지 공적조서를 행정안전부장관에게 제출하여야 한다고 규정하고 있다 . ( 제3조 제2항 ) .

(2) The method of rewarding the persons of distinguished services to the national independence (A) is a method of 'an application reward to be given to the persons of distinguished services to the national independence' by the Government after verifying whether the facts were true or not and whether the persons of distinguished services to the national independence receive the required documents. Upon receipt of the required documents, the public service examination committee provides that the person of distinguished services to the national independence shall deliberate on whether to grant the reward and the degree of sacrifice, the degree of contribution and sacrifice to the national independence, the status at the time of the independent movement, and the degree of decoration by the time of the death, based on the documents submitted by the applicant and relevant materials discovered by the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs (Operational Rule of the Public Service Review Committee), and the defendant shall examine whether to grant the reward and the degree of decoration after verifying the relevant materials (Operational Rule of the Public Service Review Committee), and Article 5 of the Awards and Decorations Act, Article 3 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act, and Article 8 of the Regulations on Government Commendation, and the following guidelines and the details of the award are determined by the State Council.

◎ 포상은 연간 3회 이루어지도록 한다 ( 3 · 1절, 광복절, 순국선열의 날 )

◎ 정부 주도의 독립유공자 발굴 · 포상과 신청에 따른 포상을 모두 주도한다 .

◎ 포상절차는 다음과 같다 .

독립운동 활동자 또는 유족의 포상자료 제출 / 정부 주도 발굴 → 공적심사위원회 심사⇒ 행정안전부에 서훈 추천 → 국무회의 심의 → 대통령 재가※ 확정 후 제출인에게 포상 결과 개별 통지 ◎ 신청에 따른 포상은 심사대상자의 인적사항과 행적, 공적 내용을 알고 있는 사람은 누구나 언제나 신청 가능하고, 보훈지청이나 공훈발굴과에 방문 및 우편 접수 방법으로 신청이 이루어진다. 그 구체적인 접수절차는 다음과 같다 .

◎ 국가보훈처는 독립유공자 포상신청서 양식을 마련하여 포상신청인으로 하여금 그 양식에 따라 독립유공자공적조사서, 독립유공자평생이력서, 개인정보이용 및 제공사전동의서 및 유의사항 등을 작성하여 제출하도록 하고 있고, 독립유공자평생이 력서에는 출생에서 현재 ( 사망 ) 까지 독립운동 내용 및 사회활동, 경제활동, 학력, 경력 등을 연대순으로 자세히 기재 ( 사회활동의 경우 소속기관, 직책 등 명시 ), 누락된 기간이 없도록 연도순으로 기재하되 신청인이 심사대상자의 행적을 자세히 알 수 없는 기간은 ' 00년 ~ 00년 구체적 행적 모름 ' 으로 명시하도록 하고 있다. 그 외에 포상신청 제출자료 중 인적사항 입증자료에 관하여 ' △ 심사대상자의 본적, 주소, 생몰기간 등의 인적사항과 신청인과의 관계를 확인할 수 있는 자료, △ 가족관계등록부 ( 구 민적부, 구 제적등본 ), △ 족보 ( 가급적 광복 이전 족보 ) 는 표지 · 해당내용 · 간행연도 표기면을 복사하여 제출, △ 신청인의 주민등록등본 ' 이라고 정하고, 공적 입증자료에 관하여 ' △ 독립운동 공적을 객관적으로 입증할 수 있는 원전자료를 원칙으로 함, △ 입증자료는 원본제출을 원칙으로 하되, 복사본 제출시에는 자료명, 해당내용, 간행연도가 표시된 사본을 제출 ' 이라고 정하고 있다. 독립유공자 포상신청서 양식은 국가보훈처 운영의 홈페이지에 민원사무서식으로 올라와 있다 .

◎ 국가보훈처 소속 공훈발굴과에서 신청인이 제출한 자료를 확인하고 , 이미 수집된 자료와 데이터베이스 자료를 검토하여 입증자료를 보완한다 .

◎ 포상 시점 및 심사 시기 · 절차 등을 신청인에게 상세히 안내하여 공적 심사 지연에 대한 불만을 최소화한다 .

◎ 공적심사 결과는 계기별 포상일 전 공훈발굴과에서 신청인에게 개별통 지한다 .

◎ 신청인이 공적조사서를 작성함에 있어 상세하게 작성하도록 안내한다 .

D) Chapter II of the Act on the Honorable Treatment of Persons of Distinguished Services to the State and their bereaved families or families provide the honorable treatment to the persons of distinguished services to the national independence. The specific details are as follows. (1) When the State, local governments, other public organizations, and schools of each level hold important events, such as national holidays and commemoration days, they must pay silent attention to the patriotic patriots as a national example, and the invited persons of distinguished services to the national independence must give honorable treatment to the invited persons of distinguished services to the national independence (Article 10(2)). (2) The compensation for the persons of distinguished services to the national independence, lump-sum payment for death, and allowances for adjusting the living conditions, and the right to receive the veterans' benefits shall be prohibited from seizure (Articles 11 and 14). In addition, the subsidies for the stabilization of livelihood may be granted to the children or grandchildren of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence in consideration of the standard of living (Article 14-5).

(3) The State should provide educational assistance so that the persons of distinguished services to the national independence can receive the necessary education at the educational institution. The specific details thereof are required to attend the educational institution for persons of distinguished services to the national independence more than a certain percentage of tuition fees, etc. and to exempt or subsidize tuition fees and educational subsidies (Articles 15 and 22-2, 23, 25, 25-2 and 26 of the Act on Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence).

(4) The State shall provide assistance to the persons of distinguished services to the national independence, and the detailed details thereof.

(5), Article 16, Articles 32, 33, 33-2, 33-3, 34, 34-2, 35-2, 36, 37, 38 (2) and (3), and 39 (5) of the Act on Persons of Distinguished Services to the State, and Articles 29 (3), 30, 31 (2) through (5), 31-2, 32, 33, 33-2, 34, 34-2, 35-2, 36, 37, 37-2 (1) and (3), 38 (2) and (3), and 39 (5) of the Act on Persons of Distinguished Services to the State, the State, local governments, etc. shall first reflect the operation of stores for the sale of daily necessities, such as food, office supplies, newspapers, etc., or the establishment of vending machines for persons of distinguished services to the State.

(6) The State shall provide medical assistance to the persons of distinguished services to the national independence. When the persons of distinguished services to the national independence suffers from a disease, the State or local governments prescribed by Presidential Decree may provide medical treatment or entrust other medical institutions with medical treatment. The State, in principle, bears the expenses for medical treatment, and the bereaved families or families of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence may provide medical treatment at the veterans hospital, or entrust other medical institutions with medical treatment, and reduce or exempt medical expenses (Article 17 and Article 45 of the Act on Persons

(7) Persons of distinguished services to national independence, etc. may receive loans from the State for the long-term low interest in farmland purchase loan, housing loan, business loan, stabilization of livelihood loan, etc. under certain conditions (Article 18 of the Act on Persons of Distinguished Services to the State and Articles 48 through 56, and 59 through 62 of the Act on Persons of Distinguished Services to the State). (8) The State or local governments may preferentially supply the housing constructed by the State or local governments to the persons of distinguished services to national independence, etc. or constructed and supplied with the funding of the State or local governments or the Housing and Urban Fund under the Housing and Urban Fund Act, as prescribed by Presidential Decree, taking into account the period of

A business entity that constructs and supplies private housing may preferentially supply part of the amount of construction and supply of the private housing to the persons of distinguished services to the national independence (Article 24) (Article 24). In addition, the Act on the Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence shall apply to the persons of distinguished services to the national independence, except as otherwise provided for in the Act on the Persons of Distinguished Services to the national independence.

2) If an administrative agency’s refusal of an action against a citizen’s affirmative action constitutes an administrative disposition subject to appeal litigation, it shall be an exercise of public authority or an equivalent administrative action; and the refusal must cause any change in the applicant’s legal relationship; and the citizen must have the right to request the exercise of the action (see Supreme Court Decisions 96Nu14036, Jul. 10, 198; 2007Du1316, Oct. 11, 207; 2007Du1316, Oct. 207; 2007; 3.00Du960, Oct. 16, 207). The existence of the right to request action, which is a premise for recognizing the disposition of rejection, shall be determined specifically by the Supreme Court’s decision that the applicant’s refusal of the action constitutes an administrative disposition that is subject to appeal litigation; and 200Du160, Sept. 6, 2006.

B) Considering the aforementioned evidence and the facts acknowledged as well, and the following facts and circumstances that can be acknowledged by the entry of evidence Nos. 5 through 8 and the purport of the entire pleadings, it is reasonable to deem that the instant notification constitutes an administrative disposition subject to an appeal litigation, and that the Plaintiff has standing to sue to sue, and the instant lawsuit is lawful. The Defendant’s main defense on a different premise is without merit.

◎ 국가는 일제로부터 조국의 자주독립을 위하여 공헌한 독립유공자와 그 유족에 대하여 응분의 예우를 할 헌법적 의무를 지고, 이러한 헌법적 의무를 실현하기 위하여 독립유공자법이 제정되었다 .

◎ 독립유공자법은 독립유공자 등의 영예로운 생활이 유지 · 보장되도록 ' 실질적으로 보상 ' 하는 것을 그 예우의 기본이념으로 하고 있고, 이에 따라 의식상의 예우 외에도 독립유공자 등에 대한 보훈급여금 ( 보상금, 사망일시금, 생활조정수당 ), 생활안정을 위한 지원금 등의 금전적 지원과 교육지원, 취업지원, 생업지원, 의료지원, 대부지원, 주택의 우선공급 등의 다양한 지원을 마련함으로써 ' 실질적인 예우가 이루어질 수 있도록 하고 있다 .

◎ 그런데 앞서 본 것처럼 독립유공자로 인정받기 위한 전제는 상훈법상 건국 훈장 등을 받는 것이고, 영전 수여 여부는 최종적으로 대통령의 권한이지만 독립유공자 포상절차는 정부 주도의 발굴인지 신청에 따른 것인지를 불문하고 피고 산하 공적 심사위원회의 심사를 거쳐 피고의 추천을 받는 것을 필수적인 절차로 하고 있다 .

◎ 피고는 독립유공자 포상신청을 한 원고에게 ' 망인에 대한 공적심사위원회의 공적심사 결과 포상대상에 포함되지 못하여 포상추천을 할 수 없다 ' 는 취지의 이 사건 통지를 하였다. 피고의 이러한 포상추천 거부는 대통령의 권한인 영전 수여를 위한 일련의 절차 중 하나로서 그 자체가 영전의 수여 여부를 결정하는 효력을 가지는 것은 아니나, 이로써 망인에 대한 포상절차가 더는 진행되지 아니하게 되어 망인의 유족인 원고로서는 국무회의 및 대통령의 영전 수여 여부 판단을 받을 기회를 빼앗기게 되고, 이에 따라 독립유공자 등으로서의 지위를 인정받을 기회를 상실하여 독립유공자 법에서 정한 실질적인 보상을 받을 길을 원천적으로 차단당하게 된다. 따라서 이 사건 통지는 국민의 권리의무 내지 법률적 지위에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 공권력의 행사 또는 이에 준하는 행정작용이라고 봄이 타당하다 .

◎ 나아가 앞서 본 상훈법령 및 보훈업무 시행지침, 보훈업무 민원편람 등에 의하면, 독립유공자 포상방법에는 정부가 공적을 발굴 조사하여 포상을 실시하는 ' 발굴 포상 ' 과 독립운동가 본인이나 그 후손 등이 정부에 공적사실을 제출하면 그 사실 여부를 검증한 후 독립유공자로 포상하는 ' 신청포상 ' 방법이 있는데, ' 신청포상 ' 의 경우 독립운동 활동자 또는 유족 등이 언제든 포상자료를 제출하면서 신청할 수 있되, 피고가 마련한 독립유공자 포상신청서 양식에 따라 독립유공자 공적조사서, 독립유공자평생이 력서, 개인정보이용 및 제공사전동의서 및 유의사항 등을 작성하여 제출하도록 하고 있다. 나아가 ' 신청포상 ' 이 있는 경우 피고는 공적심사위원회를 개최하여 공적을 심사한 후 행정안전부에 서훈을 추천하고, 그 후 국무회의 심의, 대통령의 재가를 거치며 , 피고는 포상 시점 및 심사 시기 · 절차 등을 신청인에게 상세히 안내하여 공적심사 지연에 대한 불만을 최소화하고, 공적심사 결과는 계기별 포상일 전 신청인에게 개별통 지하도록 하고 있다. 이처럼 관련 법규에서 신청인이 언제든 ' 신청포상 ' 을 신청하면 피고는 공적심사위원회 심사를 거쳐 행정안전부에의 추천 여부를 결정하고 공적심사 결과를 신청인에게 통지하도록 하고 있으므로 신청인에게는 피고에 대하여 공적심사위원회를 통하여 합리적인 기준에 의한 공정한 심사를 거쳐 포상추천 여부를 결정하도록 그 행위발동을 요구할 법규상 또는 조리상의 신청권이 있다고 봄이 타당하다. 이 경우 신청인이 피고에 대하여 포상추천을 반드시 하여달라고 요구할 권리를 가지는 것은 아니라고 하더라도, 앞서 본 것처럼 거부처분의 처분성을 인정하기 위한 전제요건이 되는 신청권의 존부는 신청인이 그 신청에 따른 단순한 응답을 받을 권리를 넘어서 신청의 인용이라는 만족적 결과를 얻을 권리를 의미하는 것은 아니고, 구체적으로 그 신청이 인용될 수 있는가 하는 점은 본안에서 판단하여야 할 사항이므로 신청인에게 신청권이 있다고 보는 데 방해가 되지 아니한다 .

◎ 만약 피고의 주장과 같이 이 사건 통지가 단순한 사실의 통지에 불과하여 항고소송의 대상이 될 수 없다고 본다면, 공적심사위원회 또는 피고에게 사실오인이나 비례 · 평등의 원칙 위배, 당해 행위의 목적 위반이나 동기의 부정 등 재량권의 일탈 · 남용이 있는 경우에도 신청인은 이를 다툴 방법이 없게 되어 적법한 권리나 법률적 지위를 인정받지 못하게 될 우려가 있고, 이를 방지하기 위하여 대통령의 영전 수여 이전에 이루어지는 공적심사위원회나 피고의 공정한 심사 여부에 관한 사법심사의 필요성이 있다 .

◎ 따라서 이 사건 통지는 망인의 유족인 원고의 권리의무 내지 법률적 지위에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 공권력의 행사 또는 이에 준하는 행정작용에 해당하고, 서훈 수여의 상대방인지 여부와 관계없이 원고에게는 망인의 유족으로서 피고에 대하여 합리적인 기준에 의한 공정한 심사를 거쳐 포상추천 여부를 결정하도록 그 행위발동을 요구할 법규상 또는 조리상 신청권이 있다고 봄이 타당하며, 위법한 심사가 이루어질 경우 이를 다툴 수 있도록 사법심사의 기회를 부여하는 것이 헌법의 정신과 그에 따른 관련 법령의 취지에도 부합한다 .

3. Whether the notice of this case is lawful

A. The Plaintiff asserts as follows. The Deceased participated in the March 1919, and was arrested and detained, and convicted. The Deceased served as a staff member of the last-class public official of the Republic of Korea in order to promote the Japanese colonial era and the high-level development at the time of the establishment of the Mayang-do Military Railroad near Pyeongbuk-do from 1931 to 1938. The Deceased continued an independent movement, such as providing an independent military fund to the 1940s, receiving a receipt, and receiving a receipt. The Deceased served as a member of the Ganyang-gu Office after the Ganyang-gu General High School on August 194, 194, and was arrested and detained on November 1, 194, and the Deceased refused to receive a monetary reward to the persons of distinguished services to the national independence. As such, the Deceased’s recommendation to the national independence was unlawful and revoked on September 30, 1950.

B. In the judicial review of discretionary acts, the court shall examine only whether the act in question deviates from or abused the discretionary authority without drawing the independent decision of the administrative agency, taking into account the room for the determination of the public interest based on the discretion of the administrative agency. The examination of whether the act in question deviates from or abused the discretionary authority is subject to the determination of facts, violation of the principle of proportionality and equality, violation of the purpose of the act in question, and denial of motive (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decisions 98Du17593, Feb. 9, 2001; 2010Da39413, Sept. 9, 2010). The State has a duty to properly consider the persons of distinguished services to the national independence to the national independence and to provide treatment corresponding to their contributions. However, the specific procedure for recognition of the persons of distinguished services to the national independence shall be deemed to fall under the area with legislative discretion as long as the legislators did not go against the purport of the Constitution, and the State is recognized as a candidate for the national independence in question 2050.

C. The Defendant’s general standards for the examination of meritorious deeds for the persons of distinguished services to the national independence (No. 5; hereinafter “the criteria for the examination”) provides for the subject of reward, consideration for the examination, and general standards for reward. In light of the form, content, etc. of the criteria for exercising discretionary power, the Defendant’s intent should be respected as far as possible, unless it is deemed that the criteria are objectively unreasonable or unreasonable (see Supreme Court Decisions 2011Du28783, Nov. 14, 2013; 201Du28783, Jun. 6, 2014).

26. Supreme Court Decision 2012Du1525 Decided January 2, 201

According to the criteria for examination, a person eligible for a reward shall have contributed to an active movement, be confirmed from the original materials of the independence movement in principle, and there shall be no problem of conduct until his/her death. A person determined as responsible for the loss of national authority by being at least higher level in lieu of the State at the time of each State Treaty, such as the Japanese colonial rule group or the cage at the time of death. A person determined as holding office in the Japanese colonial rule group or related organization or having directly or indirectly cooperated with the colonial rule, a person who falls under the provision on the cancellation of a decoration under the Awards and Decorations Act shall be excluded from the person eligible for a reward. Furthermore, the consideration of the review shall be excluded from the person eligible for a reward. The degree of contribution to and sacrifice of the independence movement, the historical significance and role of the independence movement, the status and role of an already awarded organization, the degree of participation in the independence movement, status at the time of the independence movement, impact on the independence movement, etc. shall be comprehensively assessed by the Public Examination Committee. Furthermore, the criteria for reward shall be determined by the period of independent movement and reward.

D. In full view of the purport of the entire pleadings, the following facts can be acknowledged in Gap evidence Nos. 1-7, 11, Eul evidence Nos. 2, 3, and 4 (including numbers),

As of March 1, 1919, the Deceased was arrested and detained by participating in the March 1st, 1919 as students of the Gesung General High School, and was sentenced to a suspended sentence of three-year imprisonment on November 6, 1919 in violation of the Security Act (90 days of the remaining days shall be included in the principal sentence).

○ After that, from 1931 to 1938, the Deceased worked as a public official of the Korean National Railroad (Clerks) under the Korean National Assembly of the Republic of Korea.

E. The deceased was arrested and detained by participating in the March 1st Movement, but was convicted of conviction, and later served as the Secretary of the Korean National Railroad Bureau in the position of the Ministry of Food and Rural Affairs, which is the organization for colonial rule, and according to the criteria for the defendant's exercise of discretionary power, the subject of reward should not be involved until the time of death, and shall not be included in the case of being employed in the organization for colonial rule or related organization. Meanwhile, there is no objective evidence to recognize the deceased's family as to the fact that the deceased supported the independence movement even after the March 1st Movement. Accordingly, according to the criteria for review, the defendant's notification of this case cannot be deemed to have violated the principle of mistake or proportionality and equality, the purpose or motive of the act in question cannot be deemed to have been violated, and the plaintiff's assertion on the premise that the notification of this case constitutes deviation and abuse of discretionary authority is not reasonable.

4. Conclusion

Thus, the plaintiff's claim shall be dismissed as it is without merit. The judgment of the court of first instance which dismissed the lawsuit of this case is unfair. However, in this case where only the plaintiff appealed, the court of first instance cannot revoke the judgment and dismiss the plaintiff's claim, which is disadvantageous to the plaintiff, under the principle of prohibition of disadvantageous alteration. Thus, the plaintiff's appeal is dismissed.