1. All plaintiffs' lawsuits are dismissed.

2. The costs of the lawsuit, including those resulting from the participation, shall be all included.

1. Details of the disposition;

A. 1) The defendant is an administrative agency authorized to issue various inspection orders to properly regulate pollutants discharged from a motor vehicle under the Clean Air Conservation Act. 2) The intervenor imports and sells the vehicle from a German corporation AC company (hereinafter “AC”) and AD company (hereinafter “AD”).

3) The Plaintiffs are the owners of vehicles listed in the attached Table 1 list produced AC and AD. (b) The Republic of Korea adopted Euro 5, which is the permissible emission levels of pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx; hereinafter “NOx”), in accordance with the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the Republic of Korea and the European Union and its member states, and the European Union and its member states, according to the free trade agreement (hereinafter “FTA”), around 2009. On around 2014, the Plaintiffs introduced Euro 6, which is more strengthened than Euro 5.

However, unlike the Republic of Korea or the European Union, the U.S. adopts the permissible emission levels of pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, for its own transit automobiles, unlike the Republic of Korea or the EU.

The permissible emission levels of Euro 4 through 6 and ELV-2 are as follows:

2) AE organization (AE, abbreviated name “AF”) is an engine control device (Elecreronic Unit, hereinafter referred to as “ECU”) of a light-use vehicle manufactured by AC around May 2014.

In order to conduct indoor certification tests (hereinafter referred to as “discharge gas tests”).

hereinafter referred to as “in-house inspection”

) The nitrogen oxides reduction device is very large to the city (Ehaust Glas hereinafter “EGR”) to reconcilate the exhaust gas.

(ii) the selective promotional exchange device (SCR) and nitrogen oxides storage and removal device (Lean NOx Trap, abbreviated name, and LNT) are classified as LNT.

A person shall work normally and actually at the time of road driving.