All requests for retrial are dismissed.

The costs of retrial shall be borne by the plaintiff (Plaintiffs for retrial).

The grounds for request for retrial shall be examined.

In light of the records, it is difficult to recognize that there exists a ground for a retrial under Article 451 subparag. 6 of the Civil Procedure Act (when documents and other items as evidence of the judgment were forged or altered) in the judgment subject to a retrial solely on the grounds alleged by the Plaintiff (Plaintiff).

In addition, there is no omission in determination of the grounds of appeal in the judgment subject to a retrial, which dismissed a final appeal due to a lack of deliberation. Thus, it cannot be viewed as the grounds of retrial under Article 451(1)9 of the Civil Procedure Act (when the judgment was omitted on important matters that may affect the judgment

(see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 95Nu176, Feb. 13, 1996). Other grounds asserted by the Plaintiff (Plaintiffs) are all pertaining to the merits, and they do not constitute legitimate grounds for retrial.

Therefore, all of the appeals are dismissed, and the costs of retrial are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.