All appeals are dismissed.

The grounds of appeal are examined.

The judgment below

Although examining the reasoning in light of the relevant legal principles and evidence duly admitted, the lower court did not err by misapprehending the legal doctrine regarding mistake in Article 16 of the Criminal Act, or by violating the principle of prohibition of retroactive effect derived from the principle of no punishment without the law, or the principle of clarity, contrary to what is alleged in the grounds of appeal.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.