All appeals are dismissed.

The costs of appeal are assessed against the Plaintiff.

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. As to the ground of appeal No. 1, the lower court determined that it is difficult to view Defendant A as tort liability against the Plaintiff on the grounds as indicated in its reasoning.

Examining the relevant legal principles and records, the lower court did not err by misapprehending the legal doctrine on damages and thereby adversely affecting the conclusion of the judgment.

2. As to the ground of appeal No. 2, the lower court determined that it is insufficient to recognize that the Defendants participated in the deception against the Plaintiff by Defendant A, and that there is no other evidence to acknowledge it.

Examining the relevant legal principles and records, the lower court did not err in its judgment by misapprehending the legal principles as to the Defendants’ recruitment or by misapprehending the legal principles, etc.

3. All appeals are dismissed. The costs of appeal are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.