All requests for retrial are dismissed.

The costs of retrial shall be borne by the plaintiff (Plaintiffs for retrial).

The grounds for request for retrial shall be considered.

The grounds for retrial asserted by the Plaintiff (Plaintiff) do not constitute grounds for retrial under each subparagraph of Article 451(1) of the Civil Procedure Act, and there is no evidence supporting that there exists any grounds for retrial under each of the above subparagraphs in the judgment subject to retrial even upon examining the record.

Therefore, all of the appeals are dismissed, and the costs of the retrial are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.