All appeals are dismissed.

The grounds of appeal are examined.

The judgment below

Examining the evidence duly adopted by the first instance court, the lower court’s determination that the instant facts charged were guilty on the grounds stated in its reasoning is justifiable, and contrary to what is alleged in the grounds of appeal, the lower court did not err by exceeding the bounds of free conviction due to violating logical and empirical rules, or by misapprehending the legal doctrine on “a false fact” in the crime of publishing false facts under the Act on Promotion of the Use of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Etc. (Defamation) and “public interest.”

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.