All appeals are dismissed.

The costs of appeal are assessed against the defendant.

The grounds of appeal are examined.

For the reasons indicated in its reasoning, the lower court determined that the Plaintiff’s preemptive owner of the instant real estate was proven at the time of enforcement of the former Farmland Reform Act (repealed by Act No. 4817, Dec. 22, 1994).

Examining the record in light of the relevant legal principles, the lower court’s aforementioned determination is justifiable.

In so doing, contrary to the allegations in the grounds of appeal, there were no errors of finding facts against logical and empirical rules.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.