All appeals are dismissed.

The grounds of appeal are examined.

Criminal facts have to be proved to the extent that there is no reasonable doubt (Article 307(2) of the Criminal Procedure Act). However, the selection of evidence and probative value of evidence conducted on the premise of fact finding belong to the free judgment of the fact-finding court.

(Article 308 of the Criminal Procedure Act). The lower court determined that the Defendants’ deception against the relevant victim was recognized, and rejected the Defendants’ allegation in the grounds of appeal as to mistake of facts.

The allegation in the grounds of appeal is merely an error in the judgment of the court below as to the choice of evidence and probative value, which belong to the free judgment of the court of fact-finding.

In addition, even if examining the reasoning of the lower judgment in light of the aforementioned legal doctrine and the evidence duly admitted, the lower court did not exhaust all necessary deliberations and did not err by exceeding the bounds of the principle of free evaluation of evidence inconsistent with logical and empirical rules, or by misapprehending the legal doctrine on the degree of proof necessary for deception and conviction.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.