1. The defendant's appeal is dismissed.

2. The costs of appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

Purport of claim and appeal

1..

1. The reasoning for this part of the underlying facts is as stated in Paragraph 1 of the judgment of the first instance, except for the addition and deletion of the following, and therefore, they are cited in accordance with the main sentence of Article 420 of the Civil Procedure Act.

[추가하는 부분] ▣ 제1심 판결문 제4쪽 제14행과 제15행 사이에 아래를 추가한다.

“바. D, F은 이 사건 제1심에서 피고와 함께 원고들에 대한 공동불법행위책임이 인정되어 각자 원고 A에게 90,000,000원, 원고 B, C에게 각 20,000,000원 및 이에 대한 지연손해금을 지급하라는 판결을 선고받았으나, 이에 항소하지 않아 제1심판결 중 D, F에 대한 부분은 확정되었다.” [삭제하는 부분] ▣ 제1심 판결문 제4쪽 제15 내지 17행에서 아래를 각 삭제한다.

“Defendant D: Confession (Article 208(3)2, Article 150(3) and (1) of the Civil Procedure Act), “Defendant E, F, and G”:

2. Determination

A. In the case of joint tort under Article 760 of the Civil Act, several persons who jointly inflict damages on another person, the joint tort does not require a common perception as well as a conspiracy among the actors. However, if the joint tort is objectively related to the joint tort, the joint tort is established if the joint tort is sufficiently related and the damage is caused by the pertinent joint act.

Joint tort refers to all direct and indirect acts that facilitate tort, and the interpretation of the Civil Act, unlike the Criminal Act, which recognizes negligence as a matter of principle for the purpose of compensating for damages, is possible by negligence. In such cases, the content of negligence refers to a breach of this duty on the premise that the duty of care not to assist tort exists.

(see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2009Da1313, Apr. 23, 2009). Evidence Nos. 8 and Ra Nos. 1 and 3, and witness testimony by J.