All appeals are dismissed.

The grounds of appeal are examined.

The judgment below

Examining the evidence duly adopted by the first instance court, which maintained the reasoning of the lower court, the lower court was justifiable to have found the Defendants guilty of the facts charged in this case on the grounds stated in its reasoning. Contrary to the allegations in the grounds of appeal, the lower court did not err by misapprehending the legal doctrine on the intent to commit a crime of violating the Act on Promotion of the Utilization of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Etc. (Defamation) or by omitting judgment, or by misapprehending the legal doctrine on “the purpose of slandering” or omitting judgment.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.