The costs of appeal by the plaintiff are assessed against the plaintiff and the defendant.

Since this case is a small case, only one of the grounds provided in the subparagraphs of Article 3 of the Trial of Small Claims Act may file an appeal, and the ground of appeal does not constitute the ground of appeal.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are assessed against each losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.