The litigation costs for retrial shall be borne by the plaintiff (the plaintiff in retrial).

The grounds for retrial asserted by the plaintiff (the plaintiff) do not fall under the grounds for retrial under each subparagraph of Article 451(1) of the Civil Procedure Act, and there is no ground for retrial prescribed by the Civil Procedure Act in the judgment subject to retrial even after examining records.

Therefore, all of the appeals are dismissed, and the costs of the retrial are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.