1. Examining the reasoning of the lower judgment on the grounds of Defendant B’s appeal in light of the evidence duly admitted, the lower court was justifiable to have determined that the instant facts charged against Defendant B was guilty on the grounds indicated in its reasoning. In so doing, contrary to what is alleged in the grounds of appeal, the lower court did not err by exceeding the bounds of the principle of free evaluation of evidence in violation of logical and empirical rules, or by misapprehending the legal doctrine on the admissibility of evidence under Article 316(2) of the Criminal Procedure Act, joint principals

2. As to Defendant C’s appeal, Defendant C did not submit a written reason for appeal within the submission period of the written reason for appeal, and Defendant C did not state the grounds for appeal in the petition of appeal.

3. Therefore, all appeals are dismissed. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.