The costs of appeal are assessed against the Defendants.

For the reasons indicated in its reasoning, the lower court determined that there was an agreement between the Plaintiff and the J to transfer each of the instant real estate to the Plaintiff, and accepted the Plaintiff’s claim for the transfer registration of ownership.

Examining the record in light of the relevant legal principles, the lower court’s aforementioned determination is justifiable.

In so doing, contrary to the allegations in the grounds of appeal, there were no errors by recognizing facts contrary to logical and empirical rules or by failing to exhaust all necessary deliberations, or by misapprehending the legal principles on the presumption of ownership preservation.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.