The litigation costs for retrial shall be borne by the defendant (Plaintiffs for retrial).

In light of the records, there is no ground for retrial under Article 451(1)9 of the Civil Procedure Act, as alleged by the Defendant (Plaintiffs for Retrial) in the judgment subject to retrial.

Therefore, all of the appeals are dismissed, and the costs of the retrial are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.