The costs of appeal are assessed against the plaintiffs.

The judgment below

According to its reasoning, the court below acknowledged facts based on its adopted evidence, and determined that the F's ratio of negligence exceeds 30% and 70% of the deceased's ratio of negligence.

In light of the relevant legal principles and records, the above determination by the court below is just, and contrary to the allegations in the grounds of appeal, there were no errors in violation of logical and empirical rules or by misapprehending the legal principles on offsetting negligence.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices on the bench.