The litigation costs for retrial shall be borne by the plaintiff.

Lawsuits for retrial are allowed only when they fall under the reasons prescribed in the subparagraphs of Article 451(1) of the Civil Procedure Act.

However, the Plaintiff’s assertion of the grounds for retrial does not constitute any of the grounds for retrial stipulated in the above provision, and thus, the instant lawsuit for retrial is unlawful.

Therefore, all of the lawsuits for retrial are dismissed, and the costs of retrial are assessed against the losing party. It is so decided as per Disposition by the assent of all participating Justices.